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:''This article is about a borough in New Jersey. For an adjacent township, see Chatham Township. For more information about their shared services, including school and library systems, see The Chathams''. |subdivision_type1 = State |subdivision_name1 = |subdivision_type2 = County |subdivision_name2 = Morris |government_type = Borough |government_footnotes = 〔 |governing_body = Borough Council |leader_title = Mayor |leader_name = Bruce A. Harris (term ends December 31, 2015)〔(2015 New Jersey Mayors Directory ), New Jersey Department of Community Affairs, as of October 20, 2015. Accessed November 16, 2015.〕〔(2011 Chatham Borough Council Minutes ), Chatham Borough. Accessed December 19, 2011.〕 |leader_title1 = Administrator |leader_name1 = Robert Falzarano〔(Town Administrator ), Borough of Chatham. Accessed December 17, 2012.〕 |leader_title2 = Clerk |leader_name2 = Robin R. Klein〔(Municipal Clerk's Office ), Borough of Chatham. Accessed June 13, 2014.〕 |established_title = Settled |established_date = 1710 (as a colonial village) |established_title2 = Incorporated |established_date2 = August 19, 1892 (as village) |established_title3 = Reincorporated |established_date3 = March 1, 1897 (as borough) |named_for = William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham |unit_pref = Imperial |area_footnotes = 〔(2010 Census Gazetteer Files: New Jersey County Subdivisions ), United States Census Bureau. Accessed May 21, 2015.〕 |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = 6.281 |area_land_km2 = 6.147 |area_water_km2 = 0.134 |area_total_sq_mi = 2.425 |area_land_sq_mi = 2.373 |area_water_sq_mi = 0.052 |area_water_percent = 2.13 |area_rank = 378th of 566 in state 32nd of 39 in county〔 |population_as_of = 2010 Census |population_footnotes = 〔(DP-1 - Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 for Chatham borough, Morris County, New Jersey ), United States Census Bureau. Accessed March 2, 2012.〕〔〔(Table DP-1. Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2010 for Chatham borough ), New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed March 2, 2012.〕 |population_total = 8962 |population_rank = 256th of 566 in state 21st of 39 in county〔(GCT-PH1 Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - State -- County Subdivision from the 2010 Census Summary File 1 for New Jersey ), United States Census Bureau. Accessed December 11, 2012.〕 |population_density_km2 = auto |population_density_sq_mi = 3776.1 |population_density_rank = 166th of 566 in state 5th of 39 in county〔 |population_est = 9022 |pop_est_as_of = 2014 |pop_est_footnotes = 〔 |timezone = Eastern (EST) |utc_offset = -5 |timezone_DST = Eastern (EDT) |utc_offset_DST = -4 |elevation_footnotes = 〔, Geographic Names Information System. Accessed March 5, 2013.〕 |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = 233 |coordinates_type = region:US_type:city |coordinates_region = US-NJ |coordinates_display = inline,title |coordinates_footnotes = 〔〔(US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990 ), United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 4, 2014.〕 |latd = 40.740686 |longd = -74.38448 |postal_code_type = ZIP code |postal_code = 07928〔(Look Up a ZIP Code for Chatham, NJ ), United States Postal Service. Accessed March 20, 2012.〕〔(Zip Codes ), State of New Jersey. Accessed October 8, 2013.〕 |area_code = 973〔(Area Code Lookup - NPA NXX for Chatham, NJ ), Area-Codes.com. Accessed October 8, 2013.〕 |blank_name = FIPS code |blank_info = 3402712100〔〔(American FactFinder ), United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 4, 2014.〕〔(A Cure for the Common Codes: New Jersey ), Missouri Census Data Center. Accessed February 18, 2013.〕 |blank1_name = GNIS feature ID |blank1_info = 0885182〔〔(US Board on Geographic Names ), United States Geological Survey. Accessed September 4, 2014.〕 |website = |footnotes = }} Chatham is a borough in Morris County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, Chatham's population was 8,962,〔〔〔 reflecting an increase of 502 (+5.9%) from the 8,460 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 453 (+5.7%) from the 8,007 counted in the 1990 Census.〔(Table 7. Population for the Counties and Municipalities in New Jersey: 1990, 2000 and 2010 ), New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development, February 2011. Accessed December 17, 2012.〕 The community that now is Chatham Borough was first settled by Europeans in 1710 within Morris Township, in what was then the Province of New Jersey. The community was settled because the site already was the location of an important crossing of the Passaic River, as well as being close to a gap in the Watchung Mountains and on the path of a well-worn Native American trail. The residents of the community changed its name from John Day's Bridge to Chatham, New Jersey in 1773.〔 Chatham's residents were active participants in the American Revolutionary War, which ended in 1783. Chatham Township was formed in the state of New Jersey on February 12, 1806, taking its name from this pre-revolutionary village. The new township governed the village of Chatham, which is included within the present-day borough, along with several other pre-revolutionary, colonial villages and large areas of unsettled lands connecting or adjacent to them. On August 19, 1892, Chatham adopted a new village form of government allowed within townships in the state after the revolution. The village of Chatham reincorporated for governance as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 1, 1897 with complete independence from the surrounding Chatham Township.〔Snyder, John P. (''The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606-1968'' ), Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 191. Accessed April 25, 2012.〕 Chatham Borough is a pedestrian-friendly community that covers less than , including a central business district and railroad station within about a mile from its farthest boundary. In July 2005, CNN/Money and ''Money'' magazine ranked Chatham ninth on its annual list of the 100 Best Places to Live in the United States.〔(MONEY Magazine – Best places to live 2005 – Chatham, NJ snapshot ).〕 ''New Jersey Monthly'' magazine ranked Chatham as its twenty-fifth best place to live in its 2008 rankings of the "Best Places To Live" in New Jersey.〔("Best Places To Live - The Complete Top Towns List 1-100" ), ''New Jersey Monthly'', February 21, 2008. Accessed February 24, 2008.〕 ==History== Occupied for thousands of years by Native Americans, this land was overseen by clans of the Minsi and Lenni Lenape, who farmed, fished, and hunted upon it. They were organized into a matrilineal, agricultural, and mobile hunting society sustained with fixed, but not permanent, settlements in their clan territories. Villages were established and relocated as the clans farmed new sections of the land when soil fertility lessened and moved among their fishing and hunting grounds. In 1498, John Cabot explored this portion of the New World. The area was claimed as a part of the Dutch New Netherland province, where active trading in furs took advantage of the natural pass west, but, the Lenape prevented permanent settlement beyond what is now Jersey City. Although rapid exhaustion of the local beaver population soon turned the Dutch interests much farther north, contention existed between the Dutch and the British over the rights to this land and battles ensued. Passing to the rule of the British as the Province of New Jersey upon the fall of New Amsterdam in 1664, and becoming one of its original thirteen colonies, marks the beginning of permanent European settlements on this land. The land that would become Chatham was part of the Province of East Jersey; the Indian rights to Chatham were purchased in 1680 from members of the Minsi and Lenni Lenape tribes. They spoke an Algonquian language. They hunted and fished in the area and farmed on the lands of their settlements. The area was well connected with established paths among their settlements, to and from bountiful resources, and to neighboring settlements. Safe passageways through the valleys, marshes, swamps, and mountains of this portion of the Watchung Mountains connected the area which would become Chatham with other settlements in the area. Except for highways built since the 1970s and a shunpike built to avoid tolls on the roads connecting the colonial settlements of Chatham and Bottle Hill, the roads of the area follow those time proven, long trodden trails made by the Indians. Main Street rises from a shallow crossing of the Passaic River and, after traveling through what became the settlements of Chatham and Bottle Hill (which became Madison), the road follows a westward path that leads to the top of the plateau on which Morristown was founded. In 1680, the British first purchased this Lenape land upon which John Day made the first European settlement in 1710. He chose to settle upon the western bank of the Fishawack Crossing (of the Passaic River) on the traditional Lenape Minisink Trail. Chatham was in the area delineated as Morris Township by the English. The landing at that location was the best place to ford the river and always had been used by the Lenape on their route to the Hudson River and south from their hunting grounds in what is now Sussex County. That traditional part of the Great Trail would become Route 24, leading to Madison, Morristown, Mendham, and Chester. It became known as Main Street in Chatham. Before long, the village became known as ''John Day's Bridge'' because of a bridge he built across the river at the shallow landing. By 1750, the village had a blacksmith shop as well as a flour mill, a grist mill, and a lumber mill. In 1773, the village was renamed to ''"Chatham"'' to honor a member of the British Parliament, William Pitt, the first Earl of Chatham, who was an outspoken advocate of the rights of the colonists in America.〔〔Hutchinson, Viola L. (''The Origin of New Jersey Place Names'' ), New Jersey Public Library Commission, May 1945. Accessed August 28, 2015.〕〔Gannett, Henry. (''The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States'' ), p. 77. United States Government Printing Office, 1905. Accessed August 28, 2015.〕 New Jersey was one of the Thirteen Colonies that revolted against British rule in the American Revolutionary War. The New Jersey Constitution of 1776 was passed on July 2, 1776, two days before the Second Continental Congress declared American Independence from Great Britain. It was an act of the New Jersey Provincial Congress, which made itself into the state Legislature. To reassure neutrals, it provided that it would become void if the state of New Jersey reached reconciliation with Great Britain. The citizens of Chatham were active participants in the Revolutionary War and nearby Morristown became the military center of the revolution. George Washington twice established his winter headquarters in Morristown and revolutionary troops were active regularly in the entire area. The Lenape assisted the colonists, supplying the revolutionary army with warriors and scouts in exchange for food supplies and the promise of a role at the head of a future native American state. The Treaty of Easton signed by the Lenape and the British in 1766 had required that the Lenape move to Pennsylvania. Wanting to recoup rights lost thereby to the British, the Lenape were the first tribe to enter into a treaty with the emerging government of the United States.〔(Treaty of 1778, America's First Indian Treaty ), accessed December 31, 2006.〕 The Watchung mountain range was a strategic asset in the war, acting as a natural barrier to the British troops and providing a vantage point for Washington to monitor their troop movements. The Minisink Trail and the village bridge provided a route for essential supplies across the river and through the mountain range. The Hobart Gap was vital as the only pass through the Watchung Mountains.〔(Why Morristown? ), National Park Service. Accessed January 2, 2007. A blue arrow indicates American forces and a red arrow indicates British forces.〕 Washington wrote 17 letters while he stayed at a homestead in Chatham. The community was the site of several skirmishes, as residents and the rebel army held off British advances, preventing them from attacking Washington's supplies at Morristown. In 1779, a printing press was established in the village of Chatham by Shepard Kollock. From his workshop, he published books,〔(Shepard Kollock's Work ), accessed December 31, 2006.〕 pamphlets, and the ''New Jersey Journal'' (the third newspaper published in New Jersey) conducting lively debates about the efforts for independence and boosting the morale of the troops and their families with information derived directly from Washington's headquarters in nearby Morristown. Kollock's paper was published until 1992 as the ''Elizabeth Daily Journal'' (having restarted it there in 1787) and was the fourth oldest newspaper published continuously in the United States.〔Staff. ("NEW JERSEY LOSES OLDEST PAPER" ), ''The Palm Beach Post'', January 3, 1992. Accessed March 21, 2012. "The Daily Journal, the state's oldest newspaper, will close Friday after losing money for two years. Publisher Richard J. Vezza wouldn't say how much money the 212-year-old newspaper had lost. Most of its 84 employees will be laid off."〕 After the Revolutionary War was over in 1783, establishment of new forms of government began. On February 12, 1806, the village of Chatham became part of Chatham Township with a township form of government that shared the village's name and included several other area communities and a large amount of unsettled land. However, "()n 1892 Chatham Village found itself at odds with the rest of the township. Although village residents paid 40 percent of the township taxes, they got only 7 percent of the receipts in services. The village had to raise its own money to install kerosene street lamps and its roads were in poor repair. As a result, the village voted on August 9, 1892, to secede from governance by the township."〔Cheslow, Jerry. ("If You're Thinking of Living In/Chatham; Rich Past, Bustling but Homey Present" ), ''The New York Times'', April 17, 1994. Accessed March 21, 2012.〕 Ten days later, on August 19, 1892, the citizens of Chatham reincorporated with another type of village government then offered as an alternative within townships by the new state. The evolving state regulations regarding governance structure soon began to offer a borough form for governance. Chatham adopted that new government form and the village reincorporated for governance as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 1, 1897 with complete independence from Chatham Township.〔 Most of the colonial settlements that had been part of Chatham Township abandoned its governance as soon as new forms of government became available to them during this evolution of new state regulations. Green Village being the exception, each of the settlements withdrew from governance by the township and Chatham Township was left to govern mostly unsettled lands. In 1910, Chatham Borough expanded when it acquired a slice of Florham Park.〔 The local form of government and the boundaries of Chatham Borough have remained the same since that acquisition, making it about . 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Chatham Borough, New Jersey」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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